Some Factors Influencing Distribution Coefficients of Trace Amounts of M2+ Ions During the Crystallization of Mn(CH3COO)2·4H2O

Distribution coefficients,D2/1 (Henderson – Kracek, Khlopin) of trace amounts of Ni2+,Mg2+, Cu2+, Co2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Ca2+, and Sr2+ have been determined during the crystallization of Mn(CH3COO)2·4H2O. Their dependencies on several properties of co-crystallizing acetate hydrates M(CH3COO)2·nH2O as well as co-crystallizing M2+ ions have been analyzed. The D2/1 values fall in the range from 0.011 (DCu) to 0.28 (DCo) and indicate the possibility of effective removal of trace amounts of most investigated ions during the crystallization of Mn(CH3COO)2·4H2O at 25 °C. They generally do not depend directly on most investigated factors, but those of Mg2+, Ni2+ and Co2+ ions, which form acetate tetrahydrates like Mn(CH3COO)2·4H2O, closely depend on electronegativity of the elements as well as solubility and η parameter and may be estimated on the basis of the mentioned properties using simple formulae.Keywords: Crystallization, manganese(II) acetate tetrahydrate, Henderson-Kracek, Khlopin distribution coefficients,

Economic Results of Alternative Farming Systems Trials at South Dakota State University\u27s Northeast Research Station: 1985-1988

This report contains baseline economic results for the first four years of a set of experiment station trials comparing particular low-input (alternative) farming systems with conventional and reduced tillage systems in which chemical inputs are used

Sustainable Agriculture in South Dakota

This is a report of the views and experiences of 32 South Dakotans who follow sustainable/regenerative agriculture practices on their farms. It is based on a mail survey undertaken during the summer of 1988. The research reported here complements that undertaken by South Dakota State University (SDSU) since 1984 on large experimental field plots at the University\u27s Northeast Research Station near Watertown

Turbocharger Dynamic Analysis: Advanced Design Simulation in Time Domain Using CFD Predicted Thermal Boundary Conditions

Small changes of surface temperature, clearance and bearing profile can significantly change stiffness and damping characteristics of slider bearings. This may influence dynamics and in case of turbochargers the rotor radial deflection. Noise, Vibration, Harshness (NVH) or durability issues like rotor colliding with housing may be implied as a consequence. This paper presents a new methodology for dynamic turbocharger investigation. It considers multi-body dynamics (MBD) of flexible rotor and housing structures coupled with elasto-hydrodynamics (EHD) of the inner and outer oil film. The energy equation for calculation of oil film temperature is considered in EHD using   hermal boundary condition obtained from 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. Typical targets for CFD simulation within the turbocharger development process are flow and thermal investigation as well as specifically providing accurate thermal boundary condition for thermo-mechanical fatigue analysis. For this purpose CFD analysis considers a fully coupled fluid-structure interaction. However, the same CFD model can be used to provide the required boundary conditions for dynamic analysis as well. The bearing profiles under thermal load are derived from Finite Element (FEM) analysis based on same thermal boundary conditions. The authors demonstrate the application of the methodology for a typical turbocharger design study applied for heavy-duty engines with full floating bushings that have radial bore connections between inner and outer oil films. The rotor operating speed reaches up to 110 krpm. Dynamic simulation results with nominal clearance and temperature are compared with the results obtained when CFD and FEM predicted boundary conditions are used. Based on results for the oil film pressure and flow through each oil film as well as flow between inner and outer oil film a valid conclusion about the rotor dynamic behaviour, bearing mechanical and thermal loads can be made. The presented methodology proves to be a next level approach in prediction of turbocharger simulation in the development process

Crop and Livestock Enterprises, Risk Evaluation, and Management Strategies on South Dakota Sustainable Farms

This report presents findings from personal interviews undertaken in January-March 1989 with 22 of the 32 sustainable/regenerative farmers in South Dakota who responded to a Summer 1988 mail survey concerning their sustainable farming practices. [For the mail survey results, see Taylor, Dobbs, and Smolik, 1989.] The major purpose of the personal interview part of the study reported herein was to gain greater insight into (1) the sustainable crop rotations and livestock enterprises on these farmers\u27 farms and (2) the judgments of these farmers about the riskiness and managerial strategies for meeting selected challenges of sustainable agriculture

Nueva estrategia para el diseño y fabricación de cabezales de fresadora de altas prestaciones

Los cabezales de transmisión mecánica de altas prestaciones son una de las partes más complejas, costosas y problemáticas de una maquina fresadora. Esto es debido a la gran cantidad de canalizaciones para la transmisión de fluidos que deben de contener y a las altas prestaciones mecánicas que se les exigen. En este trabajo se presenta una estrategia para optimizar el diseño y la fabricación de los cuerpos de estos cabezales basada en la incorporación de aleaciones de aluminio y la inclusión de insertos tubulares de acero en la propia fundición que conforma el cabezal. Los insertos tubulares sustituyen a los canales de refrigeración realizados actualmente por taladros de mecanizado y quedan integrados en la masa de aluminio. La nueva metodología ha permitido realizar un diseño que mantiene las prestaciones mecánicas, aumenta la fiabilidad y reduce la masa de estos elementos móviles de fresadoras como ha demostrado la validación experimental de un primer prototipo.High-performance mechanical-transmission heads are one of the most complex, costly and problematic parts of a milling machine, owing to the large amount of piping required for transporting fluids and to the high level of mechanical performance that is required from them. This study proposes a strategy for optimising the design and manufacture of head bodies by using aluminium alloys and by integrating tubular stainless steel inserts in the casting of the head. These tubular inserts that are integrated into the aluminium mass are an alternative to cooling conduits currently made by machine drilling. As demonstrated in the experimental validation of the first prototype, the new method has created a design that retains the same mechanical performance, increases its reliability and reduces the weight of the milling machine’s moving parts.Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation in the PROFIT Project FIT-020500-2006-50 and by the Agencia de Desarrollo Economico of the Junta de Castilla-Leon (04/06/BU/0008)

Farm, Rural Economy, and Policy Implications of Sustainable Agriculture in South Dakota

South Dakota State University (SDSU) has been conducting research since the mid- 1980s on what has come to be called sustainable agriculture. We have been examining farming systems in which producers adopt management-intensive, holistic system orientations in planning their farms. Such farm managers generally view themselves as allies with nature, rather than as conquerors of nature. In addition to economic survivability, these farmers tend to give high priority to (1) being good stewards of the soil, (2) reducing pollution of ground and surface water, (3) raising chemical residue free, high quality products, and (4) reducing possible harmful effects of farm chemicals on their families\u27 health

Antidepressant-like drug effects in juvenile and adolescent mice in the tail suspension test: relationship with hippocampal serotonin and norepinephrine transporter expression and function

Nathan C. Mitchell, Georgianna G. Gould, Corey M. Smolik, Wouter Koek and Lynette C. Daw

Agronomic, Economic and Ecological Relationships in Alternative (Organic), Coventional, and Reduced-till Farming Systems

The objectives of the experiment station trials were to: • Measure yields in alternative, conventional and reduced-till farming systems. • Compare whole-farm economic performance. • Measure whole-farm productivity of the systems. • Determine influence of farming system on soil nutrient relationships, soil temperatures, soil water content, bulk density, residue cover, and snow catch. • Compare populations of plant feeding, predaceous, and microbial feeding nematodes. • Determine populations of fungi and bacteria, and measure mycorrhizal associations and soil fungistatic properties. • Determine effect of farming systems on earthworm populations. • Determine weed species present and densities. • Measure beneficial and harmful arthropod populations and measure insect damage. • Compare the relative sustainability of the various systems. This list of objectives represents various interests of the researchers and also reflects an attempt to obtain a holistic view of the processes that constitute a farming system